Category: General

Účastníci získali prehľad o základných pojmoch a definíciách, ako operačný systém umožňuje a zabezpečuje prístup aplikácií a procesov k prostriedkom a ako tieto prostriedky spravuje. Dozvedeli sme sa viac o stavoch a zmenách stavu jednotlivých procesov. Zaujímavé boli aj informácie o tom, ako vyzerá politika a réžia plánovača (scheduler), ktorý prístup na CPU procesom prideľuje.

Z hľadiska vysokovýkonných výpočtových prostriedkov nás zaujíma, ako funguje OS v prostredí s mnohými procesormi. Zvyšovanie počtu procesorov je prirodzenou odpoveďou na rýchly nárast požiadaviek aplikácií a súčasne limitov zvyšovania výkonu jediného CPU. Operačný systém teda môže úlohy rozdeľovať medzi viaceré fyzické procesory (alebo jadrá), pričom tieto procesy sú nezávislé a môžu bežať súbežne. Programátori môžu využiť výhody viacerých procesorov a svoje úlohy rozdeliť na viacero súbežných podúloh. Tieto už ale nie sú nezávislé a väčšinou je potrebné, aby medzi sebou navzájom komunikovali. Jedna úloha – proces môže mať teda viacero samostatných tokov riadenia, ktoré nazývame vlákna (threads) a ktoré zdieľajú väčšinu prostriedkov tohto procesu, vrátane pamäte. Z pohľadu architektúry to môže vyzerať ako na obrázku ilustrujúcom schému symetrického multiprocesorového systému (Obr. 2), kde je jedna pamäť zdieľaná viacerými rovnocennými procesormi (architektúra UMA – Uniform Memory Access). Tu je potrebné ošetriť synchronizáciu prístupu k tejto spoločnej pamäti, čo je možné urobiť viacerými spôsobmi. Prístup SMP – symetrického multiprocesingu má však nevýhody ako zlá škálovateľnosť, čakanie pri synchronizácii, tzv. cache trashing.

Ak fyzickú pamäť rozdelíme na viaceré moduly, dosiahneme menšie zaťaženie zbernice, pretože procesory budú najviac využívať vlastnú lokálnu pamäť. Tento prístup poznáme ako NUMA – Non-Uniform Memory Access. Tu je najvýhodnejšie, ak OS alokuje úlohe pamäť pre dáta čo najbližšie k procesoru, na ktorom úloha beží. Na obrázku vidíme príklad prepojenia 4 procesorov:

Prednáška pokryla aj tému správy pamäte, virtuálnu pamäť a jej alokáciu – vrátane konceptu overcommit a tému súborového systému a jeho hierarchie.

Operačné systémy a ich fungovanie v HPC prostredí by si určite zaslúžili aj viac priestoru, ako náš formát môže poskytnúť. Ak vás téma zaujala, na Fakulte matematiky, fyziky a informatiky UK na túto tému prednáša práve Dr. Dušan Bernát – a ak ste našu prednášku nestihli, môžete si ju pozrieť na Facebook or YouTube.

Schedule and Registration

•  November 23, 17:00 - Short guide to software parallelization
  Jaroslav Suchánek (Biomedical Research Center, SAS)
•  December 7, 17:00 - Federated distributed computing
  Ladislav Hluchý (Institute of Informatics SAS)

More information about the series

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The following panel discussion, organized with the support of the NCC, highlighted the situation in HPC in Slovakia. Lukáš Demovič, who is the director of the Centre of Operations,  Slovak Academy of Sciences - an institution operating the only publicly available HPC infrastructure – spoke about the current possibilities, ongoing projects and ambitious plans for significant expansion of computational capacities in Slovakia. The importance of investments and support of this field was stressed also by other speakers. Prof. Ivan Štich, who is active within the TREX CoEshowed use cases of 2D materials modelling using the QMC method,, which is, thanks to it’s robustness and scalability, especially suited for utilizing the coming exascale systems. Prof. Mária Bieliková from the Kempelen institute of intelligent technologies introduced a newly developed large neural language model for Slovak. She also mentioned the aspect of large energy consumption that comes with many AI applications and models together with the strategies scientists employ to mitigate this problem. Jozef Vivoda described models for numerical weather forecasting, employed and (co)developed at the Slovak hydrometeorological institutetheir level of precision as well as computational demands. Robert Cisár from the Tachyum company and Luboš Kolář from HPE took part in the discussion as representatives from the private sector.

All speakers agreed on the necessity of investing into HPC technologies at the national level and the importance of supporting the whole ecosystem at the same time. The lack of concept on the state level and the lengthy and disproportionately complicated process of public procurement were identified as main problems when planning and purchasing new supercomputers. The National competence centre is focusing it’s efforts primarily on building the supporting ecosystem and raising the adoption of HPC tools and connected technologies across all sectors. Without an available HPC infrastructure, however, this task remains a challenge.

Speakers' presentations:
How is Slovakia doing with supercomputing? – Lukáš Demovič.
HPC and numeric weather forecast in Slovakia -Jozef Vivoda.
Who can afford artificial intelligence today? – Mária Bieliková.
Is a supercomputer suitable only for science? – Robert Cisár.
2D semiconductor modeling by exascale computing methods – Ivan Štich.
The supercomputer is not just about computing power – Luboš Kolář.
Why do we need supercomputers? Discussion.

Computational power increased thanks to new technologies and innovations in semiconductor device fabrication and enabled doubling the number of components per integrated circuit every two years – this trend is described by the Moore’s law. However, we are now approaching physical limits in this area.

Another way of speeding up calculations is to use parallel approach, supported by today’s supercomputer architectures, including high-speed interconnecting network. Doc. Šperka described the history from the first parallel vector computers and Cray-1 supercomputer up to modern supercomputers.

Lecture series is a joint activity of the Computer museum COO SAS and National Competence Center for HPC. NCC, as the primary contact point for HPC in Slovakia, covers, among other things, educational and dissemination activities in this area.

You can watch the recording of the event on Facebook and YouTube and you can already register for our next lectures. Schedule and registration:

•  10. novembra 2021 o 17:00 – Operation systems in multiprocessor clusters
  Dušan Bernát (Faculty of mathematics, physics and informatics, Comenius University)
•  November 23, 17:00 - Short guide to software parallelization
  Jaroslav Suchánek (Biomedical Research Center, SAS)
•  December 7, 17:00 - Federated distributed computing
  Ladislav Hluchý (Institute of Informatics SAS)
•  December 21, 17:00 - Modelling of 2D systems properties using the Quantum Monte Carlo methods
  Ivan Štich (Institute of Physics SAS)

More information about the series

Registration

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There are a lot of HPC users in Slovakia that work with this type of applications and algorithms in their research. As one of the developers of chemical modelling methods Pavel also elaborated on his experience with effective software parallelization and described the main issues in the implementation. Although the computational cost of these methods is prohibitive for modelling larger systems, they are used for calibrating of other methods capable of describing and predicting properties of complex molecules, such as new drugs or materials.

Lecture series is a joint activity of the Computer museum COO SAS and National Competence Center for HPC. NCC, as the primary contact point for HPC in Slovakia, covers, among other things, educational and dissemination activities in this area.

You can watch the recording of the event on Facebook and YouTube and you can already register for our next lectures. Schedule and registration:

• October 26, 17:00 - Development of technology and computer architecture – from 1-processor serial computers to supercomputers
  Martin Šperka (Computer Museum, COO SAS)
•  November 9, 17:00 - Operation systems in multiprocessor clusters
  Dušan Bernát (Faculty of mathematics, physics and informatics, Comenius University)
•  November 23, 17:00 - Short guide to software parallelization
  Jaroslav Suchánek (Biomedical Research Center, SAS)
•  December 7, 17:00 - Federated distributed computing
  Ladislav Hluchý (Institute of Informatics SAS)
•  December 21, 17:00 - Modelling of 2D systems properties using the Quantum Monte Carlo methods
  Ivan Štich (Institute of Physics SAS)

More information about the series

Registration

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Experts from the POP CoE offer a portfolio of services designed to help users optimise parallel software and understand performance issues. Whilst primary customers are code developers & owners services, (which is free of charge) of the POP CoE are also available to code users and infrastructure & service centres.

PoP CoE already has 21 successful partnerships with universities and SMEs. They already helped to optimize the software, identify its problem parts and clarify how the algorithms of individual applications work on the HPC infrastructure. Watch a webinar on the experience of SMEs in Europe using PoP services:

Services provided by POP:

• Parallel Application Performance Assessment;
• Proof-of-Concept Projects;
• Seminars and Workshops.

If you are insterested in services of the POP CoE do not hesitate to contact National Competence Centre for HPC via eurocc@nscc.sk and we will mediate contact with experts from the IT4I in Ostrava. In order to request services of the POP CoE you can also use Request Service Form. Services are free of charge to organisations / SMEs / ISVs / companies in the EU!

 

More information about POP CoE and their activities:

• POP CoE
• POP Blog
• list of news
• POP Newsletter
• POP organized Events.

Filip Holka, Head of the High-Performance Computing Department, and Lukáš Demovič, Director of COO SAS, took care of the introductory event Current trends and visions in HPC in Slovakia. In the first part, the participants learned how to define a supercomputer, on what technologies today's supercomputers are built, everything that must be taken into account in their design, as well as how to evaluate performance and energy efficiency. The second part of the lecture brought an interesting recapitulation of the history of HPC in Slovakia, but also a description of the current state and capacities in comparison with Europe and the surrounding countries. It is clear that Slovakia needs to invest in HPC infrastructure and support the digitization and use of innovative technologies, if it is to keep up with the rest of Europe. As Slovakia is a part of the European structures PRACE-RI and EuroHPC JU, we also touched on the benefits and opportunities that international cooperation brings to us and our users.

Last but not least, we also focused on initiatives that arose in Slovakia - specifically the National Supercomputing Center (NSCC), whose ambition is to develop HPC infrastructure and support high-performance computing in Slovakia.

The participants used the break with refreshments and coffee for informal conversations and discussions with the organizers and speakers.

You can watch the recording of the event on Facebook and YouTube and you can already register for our next lectures.

Schedule and Registration

•  October 12, 17:00 - Computer simulations and calculations as an essential tool in science
  Pavel Neogrády (Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University)

• October 26, 17:00 - Development of technology and computer architecture – from 1-processor serial computers to supercomputers
  Martin Šperka (Computer Museum, COO SAS)

•  10. novembra 2021 o 17:00 – Operation systems in multiprocessor clusters
  Dušan Bernát (Faculty of mathematics, physics and informatics, Comenius University)

•  November 23, 17:00 - Short guide to software parallelization
  Jaroslav Suchánek (Biomedical Research Center, SAS)

•  December 7, 17:00 - Federated distributed computing
  Ladislav Hluchý (Institute of Informatics SAS)

•  December 21, 17:00 - Modelling of 2D systems properties using the Quantum Monte Carlo methods
  Ivan Štich (Institute of Physics SAS)

More information about the series

Registration
 

 

National Competence Centre for HPC  organizes a series of lectures on why scientists need supercomputers and high-performance computing. This is a joint activity of the NCC and the Computer museum of the Centre of Operations, SAS.

Every user realizes that the use of HPC in various disciplines is a multidisciplinary issue. Not only is it necessary to have expertise in a specific scientific field, but further knowledge of modeling and simulation methods, programming basics, operating systems and computer architecture is required. The first lectures will therefore cover mostly HPC basics, preparing the participants for later presentations, in which experts from the SAS and the Slovak universities will speak in more detail about the use of HPC in various scientific disciplines. Our goal is to compensate to some extent what is often missing in the curricula of the universities and to try to deliver comprehensive information in the context of the global development.

The lectures are suitable for students, but also for people who want to learn more about HPC technologies, their development and utilization in science. Open, informal discussions with the invited speakers will be an important part of the events taking place in the SAS lecture hall within the Patrónka area.  It will also be possible to watch the lectures online via YouTube. Attendance is free, but all hygiene measures and rules in connection with the Covid-19 pandemic have to be observed. For in-person attendance it is also necessary to register on the website http://itkurzy.sav.sk/prednasky.

We are very pleased that our invitation was accepted by interesting speakers and we are looking forward to inspiring lectures and stimulating discussions in a relaxed atmosphere with coffee and refreshments!

First lectures schedule and registration:

•  September 29, 17:00 - Current trends and vision of HPC development in Slovakia
  Filip Holka (COO SAS), Lukáš Demovič (COO SAS)

•  12. októbra o 17:00 – Computer simulations and calculations as an essential tool in science
  Pavel Neogrády (Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University)

•  26. októbra o 17:00 – Development of technology and computer architecture – from 1-processor serial computers to supercomputers
  Martin Šperka (Computer Museum, COO SAS)
  
  

If you are interested in a lecture on a specific topic, but did not find it in our schedule, do not hesitate to contact us!

Don't miss out on the other National Competence Centre for HPC activities(lectures, free IT courses, hackathons, events) - follow us on social networks and subscribe to our newsletter. 

More information about the series

Registration

 

The goal of the event was a meeting of Slovak and foreign experts in the field of innovation, industry and industrial technologies, energy, transport and logistics, environment and education, as well as a presentation of scientific and innovative potential of Slovak technological companies.

The National competence centre for HPC. was also present at the International Innovation and Technology Fair SlovakiaTech Forum - EXPO 2021. At the exhibition, we introduced the participants to NCC for HPC, explaining what is a supercomputer and high-performance computing. We also introduced our services, which include the provision of consultations, mediation of partnerships, free IT courses and the provision of machine time. Through the questionnaire, we found out how Slovakia is doing with high-performance computing, what companies and institutions in Slovakia have experience with it, where they see obstacles and in which areas they need consultations.  

The National Competence Centre for High-Performance Computing was established thanks to the European project EuroCC portal which is implemented in Slovakia by the Center for Joint Activities of the Slovak Academy of Sciences.

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The primary goal of the survey is to map the usage of HPC and associated technologies and to identify the demand for these technologies and solutions among Slovak private companies, small and medium enterprises, academic research groups and in public administration. This information is crucial for developing strategies, goals and services for the future National competence centre activities. According to the OECD publication SME Entrepreneurship Policy in Slovak Republic“*   the SMEs are facing several barriers in their digital transformation, such as lack of knowledge and experience. The National competence centre enables the knowledge transfer and adoption of HPC, HPDA, AI and ML technologies, where the benefits for private companies include competitive advantage on the market, effective processes, ROI and cost savings.

„“Apart from these activities the National competence centre has an ambition to facilitate the collaboration between experts and end-users coming from various areas and sectors. This survey will help us to identify experts in specific application fields, such as processing big data, advanced simulations and machine learning/artificial intelligence technologies.”  the coordinator of the project, Lucia Demovičová, stated.

The survey will also provide information about the computational capacities and resources required at the moment and into the future in Slovakia. Actual local data from Slovak HPC users, including the potential future ones, will be valuable in planning the new high-performance systems and developing the national HPC infrastructure.

The NCC was established within the EuroCC project implemented by the Centre of Operations of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. As a primary contact point for users and all parties interested in HPC in Slovakia the NCC provides several services free of charge that might be interesting for scientific teams, but also the private sector and public administration. Education activities, consultancy and access to computational resources are among the portfolio of NCC services that are meant to support the innovation potential and competitiveness in Slovakia.

Mapping of the HPC environment

* OECD (2021), SME Entrepreneurship Policy in Slovak Republic, OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9097a251-en.

The access policy will be directed solely by the COO SAS. The new supercomputer will be accessible to academic groups, public sector organizations and also small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

Information and further details concerning the procurement were published via the tenders electronic daily portal, a supplement of the Official Journal of the EU (30.7.2021) and the  Journal of the Office for Public Procurement (2.8.2021). After the 60 day period for the tender submissions and the subsequent evaluation the whole process will be reviewed by the Ministry of Investments, Regional Development and Informatization of the Slovak Republic and Office for Public procurement. The new supercomputer should be operational in the first half of the 2022.

The project National competence centre for HPC. (ITMS2014+ 311071AKF2) is financed through the Operational programme Integrated Infrastructure: OPII-2020/7/55-NP. One of the goals of this project is to support Slovak enterprises, especially the SMEs and to raise their innovation potential. This will be achieved by creating a platform for effective adoption of the HPC+ technologies, which is in alignment with the Slovak strategy for digital transformation. The EU Structural Funds will be used for procurement of a new HPC system, thus providing technical support and basis of the National competence centre.